Change judgments into answerable questions

Don’t say “you’re an I, so you don’t want to participate.” You can ask, "Do you want to discuss it together this time, or read the information first and then give feedback?" Let the other party express their current needs instead of making decisions for them.

Provide conclusions and basis at the same time

When discussing a plan, you can start with a conclusion, followed by key facts, alternatives, and the impact on the people involved. This allows people with different concerns to participate in the discussion without having to know each person's type first.

Leave space for thinking

Issue issues before important discussions and agree on a time for feedback after the discussion. Some people need to communicate immediately, while others need to organize and express them; using a clear process to handle these differences is more helpful than interpreting silence as non-cooperation.

Weekly communication practice

Choose a communication that is prone to misunderstanding. First ask the other party how they want to receive the information. After the communication is over, ask what is clearer and where there are still questions. This is a practical suggestion provided by this site, not an experimentally proven intervention plan.