How are the three versions composed?

The 24-question version remains unchanged from the original question bank; the 93-question version consists of the original 40 questions plus 53 original scale questions; the 144-question version consists of the original 40 questions plus all 104 new scale questions, including all items of the 93-question version. The new questions cover situations such as communication, learning, decision-making and arrangements, including positive and negative statements. Statements on similar topics cannot be regarded as independent verification evidence, and adding more questions does not guarantee the same amount of information.

Scoring and answer verification

Each question is scored according to its dimension and direction, and questions are given equal weight. Multiple choice questions only accept −2, 0, and 2, and scales and sliders accept integers from −2 to +2. Unanswered questions are not considered neutral answers; all questions must be completed before results can be generated.

How to compare different numbers of questions

The 24-question version has 6 questions per dimension, the 93-question version has 24, 23, 23, and 23 questions according to E/I, S/N, T/F, and J/P respectively, and the 144-question version has 36 questions per dimension. Each dimension is independently converted into 0-100 points based on its own number of questions, and then the results are combined; cross-version scores are not comparable indicators calibrated by equivalence studies.

Demonstration of evidence does not equal metrological verification

The results show actual answers, two-end distribution, critical prompts, and sensitivity to changes in single questions. This makes the calculation process more transparent, but a transparent algorithm cannot alone prove that it measures the target psychological characteristic. This site does not display fictional accuracy rates, sample sizes, or expert certifications.

Multilingualism and validation boundaries

Fifteen languages provide convenience of use, but translation completion does not mean that the language versions are equivalent. Support for validity claims still requires formal language adaptation, sample studies, reliability and validity analyses, and disclosure of research methods and limitations. The verification results of the official scale cannot be directly transplanted to this site.

Usage and Privacy

The test is free to use and no registration is required. Answers, progress, and recent history are saved in the current browser's local storage and can be cleared in the footer; they are not submitted to the server with the test. The server may still retain general access logs required to access web pages. The downloaded report is saved in the device location of your choice, please manage it yourself.

Reference sources

The following sources are used for conceptual or methodological background and do not represent their endorsement of the question bank on this site. Application exercises are suggested for this site.